Skip to main content

Sex determination in bees

As is well known, the members of a bee colony consist of the queen, workers, and drones. The origin of these three types of individuals differs based on the following three factors:
  • Type of egg.
  • Type of food.
  • The cell (housing).

The Type of Egg Laid by the Queen Bee

In terms of egg type, the queen lays two types of eggs:
Fertilized eggs, which produce queens and workers.
Unfertilized eggs, which produce drones.

In terms of food type, fertilized eggs produce only workers and queens, as mentioned earlier. Workers can control the type of bee that emerges from the fertilized egg through the type of food they provide to the larvae during the larval stage. This is because workers are responsible for secreting and preparing food for the young ( royal jelly ) in the form of a liquid secreted from special glands in their heads. This food is rich in proteins, vitamins, and fats. They can also prepare another type of food known as bee bread, made from a mixture of honey and pollen. By controlling the type of food provided to the larvae, the type of bee that emerges differs as follows:

Types of Bee Larvae

  • Larvae that will become workers are fed royal jelly for three days and bee bread for two days.
  • Larvae that will become queens are fed royal jelly throughout the entire larval stage.
  • Larvae that will become drones are fed royal jelly for three days and bee bread for another three days.


As for the housing type (meaning the hexagonal cells where the eggs are laid and the brood is reared), the shape and size of the cell differ depending on the type of individual that will emerge, as follows:

  • Larvae that will become queens are raised in wax cups that develop into royal cells. The size of the fully formed royal cell resembles a peanut.
  • Eggs that will become workers are laid in small hexagonal cells, with approximately 25 cells per square inch.
  • Unfertilized eggs that will become drones are laid in larger hexagonal cells, with approximately 16 eggs per square inch.


For more information, refer to (The Life Cycle of Bee Colony Members).


Comments

Most Read Topics

Preparation bee colonies for the season Overflow.

The beekeeper prepares their bee colonies to face the honey flow season to obtain the largest possible amount of honey. All the beekeeper’s operations aim to ensure that their colonies contain the maximum number of worker bees, especially before the start of the honey flow season, and to provide suitable space for brood rearing and honey storage. To prepare bee colonies for the honey flow season, the beekeeper must follow sequential and important steps that enable them to enter and exit the honey flow season with an economically rewarding success. How to Prepare Bee Colonies for the Honey Flow Season and Benefit from It A) Preparation for the honey flow season begins early in spring, where the beekeeper starts feeding the bee colonies with diluted sugar syrups and pollen if available, or one of the pollen substitutes , to encourage the queen to lay eggs early enough to have forager worker ...

Bee Biology and Honey-Making: An In-Depth Look into the World of Bees

#### Introduction Bees are one of the most fascinating creatures on Earth, known for their complex social structures, critical role in pollination, and ability to produce honey. Understanding **bee biology** (17) provides us with insight into how these small insects contribute significantly to our ecosystems and agricultural systems. In particular, their honey-making process is not only vital for the survival of the hive but also provides humans with one of the most cherished natural products—honey. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of bee biology, the different types of bees in a hive, the process of honey-making, and the vital role bees play in nature. #### 1. The Structure of a Bee Colony A honeybee colony is highly organized and functions like a well-oiled machine. Each member of the hive has a specific role to play, ensuring the survival and success of the colony. There are three primary types of bees in a hive: the queen, the workers, and the drones. Each of these ...